In session one, participants look at the transition from nomadic, hunter/gatherer societies to agriculturally based stationary societies. Winters trace the beginnings of trade and the earliest development of markets and will also examine the beginnings of government and social planning, particularly the production and storage of long-term food supplies. He introduces the core of the current debate over economic theory and practice and identify the modes of trade as they developed, from barter, to valued goods for valued goods, to the introduction of money and the eventual use of money itself as a commodity.